The development of artificial intelligence technology can enhance human intelligence, and cognition is the core of human intelligence. Therefore, the focus of enhancing human intelligence lies in strengthening cognition through intelligent “brain modulation”. This chapter reviews the main methods of cognitive enhancement from the perspectives of external stimulus regulation and internal state guidance, and proposes that the key to cognitive enhancement is to build a closed-loop control framework, and to update brain intervention parameters based on real-time cognitive state decoding. Faced with the complex, high-order, time-varying, non-linear, strong noise system of the human brain, as well as the individual differences and dynamic evolution characteristics of human cognition, compared with traditional control methods, decoding algorithms, intervention methods, and control strategies based on intelligent interaction have more potential. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to break through a series of key issues such as the modeling, decoding, controling, plasticity, and generalization of cognitive state. This chapter proposes a haptic interaction task with fine fingertip force control paradigm to enhance human attention as a case. Intelligent interaction technology for cognitive enhancement will provide new research tools for revealing the mechanism of human cognitive neural plasticity, and will have application value in the fields of cognitive impairment disease recovery and special occupation cognitive enhancement.