Since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident (hereinafter referred to as the “FNPP accident”) occurred in March 2011, many experts around the world have conducted assessments of radiation doses and health effects attributed to the FNPP accident. During the several weeks after the accident, while the state of the nuclear reactor was not accurately grasped, the radiation exposures of the local residents were estimated based on the anticipated environmental behavior of various radionuclides. However, notable differences were observed in the doses and risks assessed by different researchers and research institutes. As 13 years have passed, research on the causes and progress of the FNPP accident has advanced significantly, and we now have a better understanding of the situation and consequences of the accident. In this article, the author briefly reviews the contents of relevant scientific articles published during the initial 3 years (2011–2014) after the FNPP accident and tries to evaluate how correct or incorrect the early assessments were through a comparison with more recent publications.