In order to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, studying the correlation between urban morphology and urban building energy consumption at the microscopic scale can provide reference for the design of low-energy-oriented physical space morphology at the neighbourhood level, which is conducive to reducing urban building energy consumption in general. In this study, we analysed 943 neighbourhoods in Nanjing, extracted the building prototypes of residential, public and mixed neighbourhoods, and simulated the building energy consumption of the building prototypes at the micro scale, proposed the urban form indicators and building energy consumption indicators at the micro scale, and explored the correlation between urban form and urban building energy consumption at the micro scale.