Urbanimmunology, an emerging super-transdisciplinary field, aims to re-envision urban systems and societal evolution through the application of immunological principles. As a vital component of urban and societal metabolism, transportation has continually faced complex challenges throughout human history. In the post-pandemic era, transportation systems encounter both new opportunities and multifaceted challenges that call for transformative thinking and systemic innovation. This introductory chapter first outlines how Urbanimmunology can provide a conceptual foundation for rethinking the roles of transportation in shaping future cities and society. The chapter then introduces several key thematic domains—transport–energy–materials integration, the low-altitude economy, transport–tourism–health linkages, border town development, innovative approaches to transport policymaking, and the conceptualization of transportation immune systems—which form the core contents of the subsequent chapters. Finally, this chapter highlights the expected outcomes of transportation transformations guided by Urbanimmunology, emphasizing their potential contributions to the sustainable and adaptive development of cities and society.