The escalating global waste crisis, driven by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth, has necessitated innovative approaches to waste management that align with principles of sustainability and the circular economy. Among these, the transformation of waste into industrially valuable products, commonly referred to as waste valorization, offers a promising pathway to mitigate environmental degradation, reduce reliance on unused raw materials, and support green economic growth. This chapter explores the multifaceted processes and technologies involved in converting various waste streams—agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, industrial byproducts, e-waste, plastic waste, and food waste—into a diverse array of industrially significant products. These include biofuels (such as biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel), organic fertilizers through composting, eco-friendly construction materials derived from fly ash and demolition waste, and recycled plastics through mechanical and chemical recycling techniques. Additionally, the recovery of critical metals from electronic and industrial waste, production of activated carbon from agro-wastes, generation of high-value biochemicals and enzymes, and fabrication of recycled textiles and paper are examined in detail. The content also highlights key conversion technologies such as anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, bioleaching, and advanced biotechnological methods that enhance the efficiency and scalability of waste-to-product systems. Emphasis is placed on the industrial applications of these products across sectors such as energy, agriculture, construction, water treatment, manufacturing, and chemical processing.