Today, no one can deny the fact that human dignity and value are universal ideologies guiding international law, Constitution, and all individual laws and morals. Similarly, as for the principle of responsibility, although there may be minor differences depending on the commentator, the important core principle, that is, the proposition “No punishment without responsibility,” is always being appreciated anew, whether in a traditional or modified way. No one denies this outright. So why do we find the need to debate this again? In light of the perspective of this chapter, it is directly linked to the question of how we normatively accept the “results brought about by the development of science and technology.” In other words, I believe that looking back at human dignity and the principle of responsibility through the horizon of perception expanded by science and technology so far will be very meaningful at this point and lead to one more step toward criminal law reform.