Madagascar faces significant challenges in achieving food and nutrition security, with high rates of stuntingStunting and micronutrient deficienciesMicronutrient deficiencies persisting despite the country’s agricultural potential. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex factors contributing to food securityFood security and nutrition in Madagascar, drawing on empirical evidence from diverse studies. The findings suggest an urgent need for integrated, multisectoral strategies that address the root causes of malnutrition, including dietary monotony, limited access to nutrient-rich foods, and vulnerability to climate-related shocks. This book highlights the critical role of nutrition-sensitive agriculture in improving dietary outcomes, demonstrating how increased productivity of rice and diversification into nutrient-dense foods, such as pulses and dairy, can enhance both caloric and micronutrient intake. Additionally, the studies reveal the importance of considering external factors, such as seasonality, COVID-19 disruptions, and rainfall variability, which significantly impact food availability and nutritional resilience. Beyond production, this book emphasizes the influence of market dynamics, consumer preferences, and behavioral tendencies on dietary choices, calling for a strategic approach that aligns agricultural practices with consumer demand and addresses psychological barriers to adopting diverse diets. A holistic approach will contribute to building resilient food systems and ensuring sustainable nutritional improvements.