China’s water transport industry occupies an important position in the national economy. As a vital component of domestic logistics and international trade, its development is of great significance for promoting China's economic and social development and the prosperity of international trade. This article first outlines the current development status of China's water transport industry. It then analyzes the impact of factors such as the policy environment and innovation environment on the development of China's water transport enterprises, further revealing the practices and innovations of these enterprises in improving operational efficiency, promoting green and low-carbon transformation, and utilizing big data and intelligent technologies to enhance service quality. Finally, this paper proposes future development trends and corresponding strategic suggestions for Chinese water transport enterprises, aiming to provide reference and guidance for them.