Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) can transform poultry farming production systems. Key applications include automated health diagnostics, precise climate control within housing, and advanced tracking of individual animals and quality assessment. As data-based decision-making technology evolves rapidly, challenges and opportunities for applying novel technologies are surging—driven in part by broader trends in digital transformation (DX) across agriculture. This chapter thoroughly analyzes how recent groundbreaking AI-based algorithms and IoT systems innovations can benefit poultry farming practices. In addition, this chapter addresses broader issues related to adopting these technologies, including the ethical implications of implementing AI-based systems and concerns about the socioeconomic impacts on farming communities.