Basic research is the bedrock of science and the wellspring of innovation, playing a critical role in a nation's scientific and technological advancement. This paper examines the current status and global standing of China's basic research in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology through a detailed analysis of Stanford University list of world's top 2% most-cited scientists. The study finds that China's basic research capabilities have improved significantly in recent years, though the pace of growth varies across disciplines. The USA maintains a significant advantage in basic research, characterized by a comprehensive research scope and well-balanced development across the four disciplines. Meanwhile, the proportion of top scientists from other developed countries, such as Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom, has remained relatively stable. Through a comparative analysis of the number of scientists, institutions, and institutional types, this paper discusses the development gap between China and the world's leading scientific powers. It also provides a brief analysis of the performance of selected Chinese universities. Finally, the paper proposes several strategies for future development, including fostering original research, establishing diversified investment mechanisms, and optimizing the strategic layout of basic sciences.