Head and neck cancers represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the mucosal surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract and remain a significant global health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, viral infections such as human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus, and environmental factors constitute major etiological contributors. Accurate diagnosis requires a combination of clinical examination, imaging, and histopathological confirmation, followed by appropriate staging based on contemporary staging systems. Management of head and neck cancers is multidisciplinary and includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted or immunotherapeutic approaches, tailored to disease site, stage, and patient factors. Advances in radiotherapy techniques, systemic therapy, and supportive care have improved oncological outcomes and functional preservation. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, staging principles, treatment strategies, and follow-up considerations in head and neck cancers.