Central nervous system (CNS) tumours constitute approximately 2% of all malignancies in India, with an incidence ranging from 5 to 10 per 100,000 population. Astrocytomas represent the most common primary CNS tumours, with a predominance of high-grade gliomas. The median age of presentation for glial tumours in India is nearly a decade earlier than that reported in Western populations, likely reflecting demographic differences. In contrast, the distribution and median age of paediatric brain tumours, including astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, and embryonal tumours, are comparable to global data. Management of brain tumours is multimodal, with surgery followed by radiotherapy forming the cornerstone of treatment, complemented by chemotherapy and targeted therapies in selected cases. Radiotherapy has evolved significantly, progressing from conventional techniques to advanced modalities such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, image-guided and volumetric arc techniques, helical tomotherapy, and particle beam therapy. This chapter outlines the current status and evolving role of radiotherapy in the management of brain tumours.