The advent of low-cost genotyping platforms has revolutionised modern plant breeding, addressing critical global food security challenges amid climate change and a growing population. Genomic-assisted breeding approaches, leveraging technologies such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), enable the precise selection of complex traits, accelerating the development of climate-resilient and high-yielding crop varieties. While high-throughput genotyping techniques are widely adopted in the private and public sector breeding programmes, they often face significant financial, technical, and infrastructural constraints. This chapter reviews advances in SNP marker technologies, spanning low- to high-density platforms, and their applications in genomic selection (GS), marker-assisted selection (MAS), and trait mapping. It also explores innovative solutions, such as shared genotyping resources including the KASP low-density platform and mid-density panel—that expand access to advanced molecular breeding tools. Special emphasis is placed on the role of public sector breeding programmes, CGIAR initiatives, and bioinformatics integration in enhancing the utility of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and SNP arrays. By synthesising recent advancements and identifying future prospects, this chapter highlights the transformative potential of low-cost genotyping in empowering resource-limited breeding programmes. Ultimately, it underscores its role in accelerating genetic gains, fostering sustainable agricultural development, and strengthening global food security.