Food security is a pressing global challenge exacerbated by rapid population growth, climate change, and diminishing natural resources. To meet the increasing demand for food, it is crucial to develop resilient, high-yielding crops capable of thriving in diverse and challenging environments. Plant genomics has become a pivotal tool in addressing food security, providing transformative insights into crop yield enhancement, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. Among the most significant advancements in this field is the advent of telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assemblies, which offer complete, gap-free representations of crop genomes. This chapter examines the challenges associated with assembling complex crop genomes, which often contain extensive repetitive sequences, polyploid structures, and high heterozygosity. It discusses recent technological advancements that have facilitated the generation of high-resolution reference genomes and provides an overview of their progress across various plant species. Additionally, the chapter explores the broad applications of T2T genome assemblies, including pangenomics, functional gene identification, and precision breeding. By enabling more accurate and comprehensive genomic insights, these assemblies are poised to drive advancements in crop research and accelerate the development of resilient, high-yielding crop varieties.