Neuroimmune system is considered as one of the vital systems that is mainly responsible for inducing various disorders to the body. The proper ameliorative effect on the neuroimmune axis is still a mystery among the researchers because it involves the penetration to the BBB and other parameters. In this context the nanotechnology has proven a beneficial tool. In the current scenario, the nanotechnology has influenced in treating the various neurologic as well as immunologic disorders. It helps to create innovative nanostructures with molecular, cellular, or atomic functions to regulate and repair damaged brain circuits. Materials are manipulated on a nearly atomic scale using nanotechnology. The formulation of various nano medicines with the help of nanotechnology serves by increasing the bioavailability of the drug and treating the diseases. The ability to tune molecular interactions is made possible by the integration of nanotechnology with physiology and cell biology. The current article’s goals include approaches to effectively interact with neuronal and immune cells, modulate molecular-based diagnostic methods, biomaterials, and hybridized compounds used for specific delivery of medications and tiny molecules through the barriers of the brain, as well as neuronal regeneration and neuroprotection.