Salinity and drought stress are among the most significant challenges confronting the world’s semi-arid and arid regions, resulting in undesirable effects on agricultural output. Water stress has been recognized as the biggest threat to the global agriculture sector, which is closely linked to salinity, thus making it difficult to identify its distinct impacts. Research has shown that salinity levels often reflect the quality of water, and prolonged or severe drought can hasten soil salinization, which will ultimately lower crop yields and endanger agricultural sustainability. Though common practices of managing the salinity and drought stress in plants are substantial yet they consume a large volume of resources. The potential of nanotechnology as a biotechnological tool can be exploited for remodeling various aspects of agriculture under abiotic stresses. Nanoparticles (NPs) have the capability to greatly enhance a variety of scientific areas, including biological, medicinal, industrial, and agricultural sciences. Biosynthesized NPs can be applied to plants and soil to preserve ionic balance and enhance soil fertility, both of which can significantly increase crop yield by mitigating the hostile impacts of drought and salinity in different plants.