An enormous amount of microplastics accumulates in the environment, leading to a major global environmental problem. It can cause a negative impact on the living marine ecosystems and human health. Due to their occurrence in edible aquamarine organisms, they can enter into the food web and also affect food security. In previous research, various nanomotors were constructed efficiently to remove and degrade soluble organic pollutants. Recent research focused on design rationally and surface functionalization to achieve nanomotors capable of capturing, transporting, and releasing microplastics of different shapes and chemical structures. Self-propelled nanorobots have been used to degrade microplastics from contaminated water with a combination of physiochemical properties of nanomaterials and active motion. This chapter revealed that the most advanced strategies used to degrade microplastics using autonomous nanorobots. Fenton, Fenton-like, photo-Fenton reactions, and heterogeneous photocatalysis are the most recurrent advanced oxidation processes used for remediation processes by nanorobots. The ability to propel themselves has given micro- and nanomaterials a new engineering dimension, opening the door to the creation of intelligent swarms of small-scale robots that cooperate to complete specific tasks and move in reaction to outside stimuli. Nanorobots have shown promise for water-remediation applications, where the effectiveness and speed of the purification process are critical. This is because of the way that material design and active motion work together to create programmable pollutant removal degradation mechanisms. Numerous obstacles still need to be overcome before nanorobots may be used in the real world, despite their broad range of efficacy against pollutants that vary in nature and size (from millimeter to atomic). To meet commercial demands, however, the translation of this technology into practical applications would require the collaborative efforts of scientists from diverse fields, such as engineers, physicists, chemists, and biologists.