With the rapid advancement of microwave technology, high-power microwave weapons are gradually evolving in the directions of miniaturization, agility, and intelligence, and have initially attained combat capabilities. Based on the current development status and typical applications of high-power microwave weapons, this paper first analyzes the impacts of high-power microwave weapons on overall operational effectiveness of EW weaponry and equipment, the construction of combat system, and the realization of war potential. Then, suggestions to address the electromagnetic threats of high-power microwave weapons are proposed from three aspects: conducting follow-up studies, strengthening electromagnetic protection measures, and focusing on development feasibility studies, so as to provide references for the development and application of high-power microwave weapons as well as the response to their electromagnetic threats.