Pediatric Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma
摘要
Pediatric abdominal and pelvic trauma poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, particularly in resource-limited or rural settings where primary care providers (PCPs) are often the first point of contact. The distinct anatomical and physiological features of children—including compliant rib cages, intra-abdominal positioning of the bladder, and proportionally larger solid organs—contribute to unique injury patterns that may be subtle in early presentation. This chapter is designed to empower PCPs with a systematic, high-yield approach to recognizing, stabilizing, and referring pediatric patients with abdominal and pelvic injuries. Emphasizing the ABCDE framework and Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT), this chapter guides PCPs through the rapid identification of life-threatening injuries, the selection of essential investigations such as FAST and CECT, and the principles of nonoperative management for solid organ trauma. The chapter also addresses the evaluation and initial management of penetrating injuries, hollow viscus perforations, and pelvic fractures in children, with particular attention to field-appropriate interventions such as fluid resuscitation, pelvic binders, and use of trauma adjuncts. Clear protocols for referral, parent communication, and follow-up care are outlined, enabling PCPs to contribute meaningfully to patient outcomes even in the absence of surgical infrastructure. The chapter also includes case-based learning, age-specific vital sign tables, and pediatric-specific shock indices to assist in triage and decision-making. Patient-family education, cultural sensitivity, and early identification of child abuse are also emphasized as critical responsibilities of PCPs. Ultimately, this chapter equips primary care providers with the knowledge and skills necessary to act swiftly, confidently, and compassionately in the face of pediatric abdominal and pelvic trauma, improving both survival and recovery trajectories.