Thailand's southern shore is a region of increasing vulnerability as well as an important biological resource. Provinces like Krabi and Nakhon Si Thammarat, which stretch along the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, are becoming more vulnerable to hydro-meteorological risks as a result of a confluence of changing coastal geomorphology, sea level rise, and climatic variability. An overview of the meteorological and physical factors influencing various coastal systems is given in this section. By outlining the geographic circumstances that render particular regions especially vulnerable to environmental risk and charting exposure zones, it prepares the ground for more thorough investigation.