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Cholesterol oxidase (COX, EC 1.1.3.6), a flavoprotein alcohol oxidoreductase, plays a crucial role in cholesterol catabolism by catalyzing its two-step transformation into cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. This monomeric enzyme’s catalytic efficiency and stability are significantly influenced by its flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and interactions with lipid bilayers. Microbial COX, with its unique structure and mechanism, offers broad biotechnological applications, extending beyond its physiological significance. It is widely utilized in clinical diagnostics for serum cholesterol determination, biocatalysis of steroid intermediates, as an insecticidal agent in transgenic crops, and as a molecular probe for cellular membrane studies. This chapter comprehensively reviews the diverse microbial sources of cholesterol oxidase, methods for its purification and characterization, and its extensive applications, particularly within the pharmaceutical industry.

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Structure and Function of Microbial Cholesterol Oxidase and Its Applications

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Vivek Sharma,
  • Rhydum Sharma,
  • Randhir Kaur,
  • Fauziah Marpani

摘要

Cholesterol oxidase (COX, EC 1.1.3.6), a flavoprotein alcohol oxidoreductase, plays a crucial role in cholesterol catabolism by catalyzing its two-step transformation into cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. This monomeric enzyme’s catalytic efficiency and stability are significantly influenced by its flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and interactions with lipid bilayers. Microbial COX, with its unique structure and mechanism, offers broad biotechnological applications, extending beyond its physiological significance. It is widely utilized in clinical diagnostics for serum cholesterol determination, biocatalysis of steroid intermediates, as an insecticidal agent in transgenic crops, and as a molecular probe for cellular membrane studies. This chapter comprehensively reviews the diverse microbial sources of cholesterol oxidase, methods for its purification and characterization, and its extensive applications, particularly within the pharmaceutical industry.