This chapter demonstrates that the study of environmental influences on subjective well-being (SWB) has progressed toward multidimensional and integrative frameworks, incorporating natural, sociocultural, and built environmental dimensions. It aims to systematically examine how these environmental layers interact to shape SWB through behavioral, perceptual, and exposure mechanisms, with particular emphasis on the built environment as a modifiable and proximal determinant. Section 5.1 outlines the chapter’s objectives and theoretical positioning. Section 5.2 reviews foundational theories—including Attention Restoration Theory, Stress Reduction Theory, and sociocultural frameworks—and presents conceptual models linking environmental perception to SWB. Section 5.3 analyzes macro-level sociocultural, economic, and institutional factors that moderate environmental effects. Section 5.4 details proximal built environment elements (e.g., density, walkability, land use mix) and their mediating pathways. Section 5.5 synthesizes empirical evidence and methodological challenges, while Sect. 5.6 integrates trade-offs and synergistic effects across environmental dimensions. The chapter concludes by positioning the built environment as a critical intervention point for enhancing SWB in high-density urban settings, providing a theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical investigations.