Farmers have long relied on pesticides for pest management, including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. Increasingly we see alternative farming practices and the integration of pesticides into pest management programs. However, pesticide use remains critical for world food production and pesticide persistence in the environment and toxicity can also cause risks to human health and the environment. This chapter will explore the difficulties of using conventional methods for detecting this pesticide, which is accurate and selective but complicated enough often to need complex procedures, expensive and fragile equipment and expert knowledge. Modern pesticides are increasingly biodegradable but there are still problems with historical contamination and slow environmental degradation of many pesticides. Therefore, continued research is needed to develop efficient, cost-effective, ecofriendly techniques for detection and remediation of pesticide residues. This review will illustrate how nanotechnology helps deal with those shortcomings by employing nanomaterials for rapid detection and effective removal and degradation of pesticide traces in several environmental matrices. This article also discusses how nanomaterials-based approaches tackle pesticide pollution problems with high sensitivity and precision. Within the scope of this discussion is the role of nanotechnology in making our environment safe and decreasing health effects related to pesticides.