Under economic globalization, disruptions in supply chains (SCs) pose severe threats to operational stability. This chapter contextualizes SC vulnerabilities, synthesizes resilience and viability theories, and reviews research on disruption modeling, mitigation, and recovery strategies. It identifies gaps in current studies and outlines core contents of the monograph, which integrate knowledge graphs, optimization algorithms, and control theory to enhance SC resilience, validated by practical case studies. This chapter lays a theoretical and practical foundation for addressing SC disruption risks.