With the expansion of the construction scale of pumped storage power stations, the importance of earthwork balance management has become increasingly prominent. Earthwork balance is not only related to the rational allocation and utilization of resources, but also directly affects the progress, cost, and surrounding environment of the project. Due to its advantages in the rapid collection of high-precision and large-scale terrain data, UAV oblique photography can generate detailed three-dimensional models, providing an efficient and flexible solution for earthwork data collection under complex terrain, improving the real-time and reliability of data significantly. This paper introduces the workflow of UAV oblique photography in collecting earthwork allocation volumes. By comparing the earthwork data obtained by UAV oblique photography with the data reported by the construction site of Shandong Weifang pumped storage power station, the applicability of UAV oblique photography in measuring earthwork data of pumped storage power stations is verified.