Water conveyance tunnels in pumped storage power stations serve as critical pathways connecting the upper and lower reservoirs. Current safety evaluation standards for these tunnels remain insufficient and inadequately address their structural characteristics. Taking the safety evaluation practice of a pumped storage power station as an example, this paper emphasizes that routine inspections and safety monitoring data analysis are vital components of safety evaluation. Given the challenges posed by significant elevation differences and difficult manual inspections in pumped storage tunnels, the application of autonomous collision-proof unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed. This approach enhances inspection efficiency and quality while reducing safety risks for operational personnel. Monitoring sensors embedded within the tunnels dynamically reflect their operational behavior, providing direct insights into structural safety. Analysis of monitoring data reveals that, in addition to reservoir water level fluctuations, temperature (water temperature) significantly influences structural behavior and should be prioritized in safety evaluations.