Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues of the twenty-first century. Developing countries and economies in transition contribute to the hike in greenhouse gas emissions, which eventually culminates in climate change. On the other hand, indigenous communities worldwide conserve a significant share of the biodiversity, which helps regulate the causes of climate change. The paradox is that climate change effects significantly impact indigenous communities’ lives, such as that of the tribal, fishing, and farming communities. Social science studies on human dimensions of climate change are still lagging, especially from a sociological perspective. This chapter explores the scope of sociology in studying climate change.