At present, the development of the hydrogen energy industry needs to solve two core problems: cost and safety. Relying on the support of hydrogen laboratory R&D and testing, enterprises can achieve product technology upgrade and iteration, which can effectively reduce costs. However, because hydrogen is flammable and explosive and the storage pressure is high in hydrogen laboratory, the safety risk is much higher than that in traditional laboratory. This paper summarizes the safety risks in two typical hydrogen laboratories, high pressure hydrogen storage system and fuel cell system, analyses their safety condition monitoring technology and emergency response system, then proposes corresponding safety risk control measures to provide guidance for the safe operation of hydrogen laboratories.