Science education, which aims at training students’ science literacy, higher-order thinking and problem solving abilities, has been one of the main focuses of the education systems of the world’s major economies for many decades. Successful science education requires individualized instruction which is challenging to implement given the currently prevalent group teaching methodology and teacher shortages in many countries. Educational artificial intelligence (AI) has in recent years gained promising results in enhancing individualized science education. However, mostly narrow AI has been used in previous applications, limiting its impact on the current education paradigm. Thanks to the recent major AI advances with tools like ChatGPT, I argue in this chapter that a major paradigm shift toward AI-empowered science education is imminent.