From Closed Borders to Open Gates: Central Asia as a New Destination for Russian Migration After the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
摘要
This chapter analyses the unprecedented post-2022 inflow of Russian migrants into Central Asia following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the imposition of extensive international sanctions. Using government statistics, policy documents, and interview material, the authors show how Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan became accessible and attractive destinations for Russian professionals, IT workers, activists, and individuals avoiding conscription. The chapter argues that these movements represent a reversal of historical migration flows and challenge existing stereotypes of Central Asia as a purely labour-sending region. It explores the motivations of those fleeing Russia, including political dissent, fear of mobilisation, economic uncertainty, and the search for safety in non-hostile environments. The authors also examine host societies’ economic, cultural, and political responses, highlighting both opportunities—such as knowledge transfer—and tensions related to housing, labour markets, and public perception. The chapter reframes Central Asia as a newly emergent migration hub shaped by geopolitical upheavals.