Hand-drawn anime production generates various intermediate products, such as key drawings, modified key drawings, in-between drawings, and timesheets. These products are paper-based and describe the visual and temporal structure of each cut in a video. However, existing archives generally digitize and store them only as static images, omitting the relationships of timing, layering, and revisions in the animation process. We propose a digital archive system that reconstructs and visualizes these relationships by extracting structural information from timesheets and use it as metadata to link images. We extended the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) manifest to describe frame-by-frame timing, multi-layer composition, and revision histories. Our interactive viewer provides synchronized playback, layer controls, and timeline navigation. In a user experiment involving 20 participants, our system significantly enhanced understanding of motion flow, layer composition, and revision intent compared to a conventional archive system. While participants still found symbolic notations in timesheets difficult to interpret, the proposed system helped them grasp the production process more easily.

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A Digital Archive System of Intermediate Products for Understanding the Expression Structure of Hand-Drawn Animation

  • Hinata Tomita,
  • Tetsuya Mihara,
  • Mitsuharu Nagamori

摘要

Hand-drawn anime production generates various intermediate products, such as key drawings, modified key drawings, in-between drawings, and timesheets. These products are paper-based and describe the visual and temporal structure of each cut in a video. However, existing archives generally digitize and store them only as static images, omitting the relationships of timing, layering, and revisions in the animation process. We propose a digital archive system that reconstructs and visualizes these relationships by extracting structural information from timesheets and use it as metadata to link images. We extended the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) manifest to describe frame-by-frame timing, multi-layer composition, and revision histories. Our interactive viewer provides synchronized playback, layer controls, and timeline navigation. In a user experiment involving 20 participants, our system significantly enhanced understanding of motion flow, layer composition, and revision intent compared to a conventional archive system. While participants still found symbolic notations in timesheets difficult to interpret, the proposed system helped them grasp the production process more easily.