Drought, an ecological stress, poses significant challenges for agricultural practices. Various strategies are being explored to improve the resilience of plants during drought conditions, with an emphasis on plant–microbe interactions to effectively increase drought tolerance in crops and maintain yield under such challenging circumstances. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) can facilitate plant growth via phytostimulation and the production of osmolytes, antioxidative enzymes, and exopolysaccharides under drought conditions. Nonetheless, our knowledge regarding how PGPRs influence plant drought resistance and their interactions with plants during drought conditions remains insufficient. Therefore, this chapter summarizes the significant impact of drought on plant growth within agricultural ecosystems and the role of drought-tolerant microbes, reveals the initiation of tolerance mediated by rhizobacterial inoculation through plant transduction pathways, and elucidates the interaction mechanisms of plants with drought-tolerant microbes.