The potential of underutilized indigenous seeds is gaining global recognition due to their nutritional value, bioactive components, and alignment with sustainable development goals. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of litchi (Litchi chinensis) seeds, emphasizing their nutritional profile, health-promoting bioactive compounds, and environmental sustainability. Traditional and advanced extraction methods are discussed, with a focus on emerging technologies such as nanotechnology-enhanced extraction to improve bioavailability and functionality. The chapter highlights findings from clinical trials and explores the multifaceted applications of litchi seeds in the cosmetic, bioplastic, biofuel, and agroecological sectors. It also underscores the role of indigenous seeds in supporting the circular economy, particularly through carbon emission reduction and promotion of eco-friendly agricultural practices. Furthermore, the chapter examines global market trends, challenges in commercialization, and the regulatory landscape surrounding the trade of litchi seed-based products. Despite market potential, issues such as certification, trade policy, and standardization remain key obstacles. In conclusion, the chapter envisions the future of litchi seeds as a model for sustainable innovation, advocating for improved processing technologies, stronger trade frameworks, and circular economy integration to unlock their full commercial and ecological potential.