Neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, which are affected by accumulated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic degradation, and neuroinflammation, have age as a critical risk factor. The recent research has spotlighted photomedicine, which includes Photo-Bio-Modulation treatment (PBM) and Photo-Dynamic Therapy (PDT), as a promising noninvasive approach to mitigate these pathogenic processes. Photomedicine makes use of certain wavelengths of light, primarily red and near-infrared spectrum, to revive intracellular pathways that promote neuronal survival. It lessens the inflammatory cytokines, enriches mitochondrial function, and supports synaptic plasticity. It has been indicated by recent clinical and preclinical studies that light-based therapy can improve cognitive function, slow neuronal degeneration, and stimulate neurogenesis in aging animals. These abstracts analyze the molecular support of photomedicine’s neuroprotective benefits, evaluate existing experimental and clinical evidence, and study translational barriers and potential opportunities for integrating photomedicine into the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.