Entrepreneurship is defined as the creation of a new means such as a service, product, production method, or business model which is critical for economic development and a determinant for the well-being of a society. Institutions and the governments assume a primary role in promoting or impeding entrepreneurship. This chapter aims to explore the theory and evidence on entrepreneurship at institutional and policy levels. In particular, it explores the background conditions (e.g., law, government initiatives and support for entrepreneurship, subsidies and training programs) which have influenced the success levels of entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan over the period 2019–2024. Different legal and regulatory features are associated with civil-law or common-law systems. Certain macro-policies work best in a combination with micro-policies (e.g., financial incentives and network opportunities). This chapter will try to shed light on how institutional systems affect entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. This is important as emerging economies often experience weak institutional environments (“institutional voids”) which could complicate the efforts of public policy to facilitate entrepreneurship. The book chapter may be useful to practitioners like earlier-stage entrepreneurs as it raises awareness of the business environment and types of support for businesses available in the country.