This chapter focuses on hydrogen production from various biomass sources. It discusses different types of biomass, their primary constituents, and the variations in biomass composition that affect conversion processes. Biomass-based conversion routes, including chemical, thermochemical, and biological pathways, are explained, with a particular emphasis on thermochemical processes such as gasification and pyrolysis, which are the primary routes for hydrogen production. The chapter explains the reaction steps involved in biomass gasification and highlights the importance of biomass pretreatment. Various gasification technologies, including fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, entrained-bed, rotary kiln, plasma gasification, and supercritical water gasification, are reviewed. The effects of key operating parameters, including temperature, pressure, gasifying agent, residence time, and catalysts, on the gasification product gas are discussed. Finally, alternative biomass-based conversion routes for hydrogen production are outlined.