Hydrogen Transportation
摘要
The current chapter offers a thorough techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen transportation throughout the energy value chain, tackling obstacles associated with hydrogen's low volumetric energy density, high diffusivity, and material compatibility concerns. It methodically describes transport routes, encompassing dedicated hydrogen pipelines, integration with natural gas networks, road transport utilizing compressed and liquid hydrogen, maritime transportation, and transformation into hydrogen carriers, such as ammonia and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC). In-depth discussions encompass pipeline design, material selection, hydrogen embrittlement, compression and flow dynamics, safety, and infrastructure prerequisites. Comparative cost, energy penalty, and distance-based breakeven clarify the circumstances under which each transportation alternative attains practicability. The present chapter underscores that effective hydrogen transport strategies are contingent upon scale, distance, end use, and geography. Ultimately, the present chapter concludes that extensive implementation necessitates substantial infrastructure development, technological advancement, and supportive policy frameworks to guarantee safety, affordability, acceptability, and worldwide adoption.