Livestock products represent almost half the value of agricultural production worldwide and are considered a vital pillar of the Indian economy, contributing 5.5% to India's gross domestic product (GDP). Global demand for meat and milk products is predicted to rise by 63% and 30%, respectively, by 2050 due to population growth and income growth fueled by rural economic development. The livestock disease negatively impacts production and disturbs the domestic and international markets. Recent advances in biotechnology have expanded the application of gene-based treatments in veterinary fields. These techniques are now being explored for addressing inherited disorders and improving production traits such as milk yield, disease resistance, and overall animal health. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved nucleic acid-based methods targeting faulty genetic bases by modifying gene expression by adding, deleting, or inhibiting at the DNA or RNA level. However, the efficiency of genetic therapy relies on an effective delivery system of genes, as naked genetic material cannot be internalized efficiently by target cells because of their serum nuclease susceptibility, rapid renal clearance, phagocyte uptake, reduced uptake by target cells, and toxic effects raised by immune response stimulation. With the advent of material sciences and the rapid progress of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are a safe, efficient, specific, and non-pathogenic means for the delivery of gene therapy. However, there are still a lot of unanswered questions about the delivery system's ability to target a particular cell type with minimal off-target effects, its ability to survive biological stimuli, and its requirement for a universal formulation platform with high transfection efficiency, all of which restrict its clinical use.