Aquaculture is an important source of protein-rich foods. This global industry accounts for providing approximately over 50% of supply of fish and seafood and therefore plays a crucial role in meeting the growing demand for animal protein to the mankind that is sustainable. However, the industry faces challenges as diseases outbreak, environmental degradation, resource depletion and nutrient inefficiency of feeds. To effectively address the challenges, a multi-faceted approach is required, and nanotechnology have emerged as being one of the most positive and transformative approach. This review paper attempts to explore the current applications and future opportunities of nanotechnology in aquaculture as enhancing fish health, water quality monitoring, disease diagnosis and treatment, improving fish feed, mitigating antibiotic resistance, vaccine delivery and others. The potential benefits, achievements, and challenges of integrating nanotechnology into aquaculture practices are discussed and a need for further research and collaboration to harness its full potential.