This study aims to investigate the damage prediction of fiber-reinforced concrete tunnel linings by analyzing multi-dimensional factors such as the effect of loading, faults, seismic ground motion, and the action of explosive loads, thus revealing the damage evolution law of fiber-reinforced concrete tunnel linings. Utilizing theories of damage mechanics and fracture mechanics, combined with numerical simulation and experimental research methods, a damage evolution model is established, and corresponding solutions are proposed for complex working conditions. The research results indicate that factors such as load type, duration of action, and seismic ground motion intensity have a significant impact on damage evolution. Furthermore, the theoretical framework and solution strategies proposed in this paper are of positive significance in enhancing the accuracy of damage prediction and the safety of tunnel lining structures.