This study examines the impact of mixing albic soil subsoil with straws on both soil physiochemical properties and soybean yield. It aims to clarify the soil improvement effects of various treatments, broaden the methods for albic soil enhancement, and offer technical guidance for the widespread implementation of these amelioration techniques. The experiment included three treatments: common subsoiling (CK), subsoil mixing (SM), and subsoil mixing with straws (SMS). We assessed soil water content, hardness, nutrient levels, soybean agronomic traits, and yield indices. Findings indicate that both SM and SMS significantly improved the physical characteristics of the subsoil compared to CK. Specifically, soil water content in the 20–40 cm layer rose by 2.53 to 3.34 percentage points, while hardness decreased by approximately 50%. Furthermore, nutrient content in the subsoil enhanced, with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increasing by 18.06% to 28.0%, rapidly available phosphorus by 38.89% to 151.85%, rapidly available potassium by 7.58% to 18.93%, and organic matter by 34.92% to 101.59%. Soybean yield also improved, with SM boosting yield by 11.51% and SMS by 16.52% when compared to CK, indicating a significant yield enhancement. This study provides valuable insights and technical support for improving albic soil and similarly unproductive soils while achieving high crop yields.