Inclusive Development Under Siege: Peri-Urban Jakarta Gentrification’s Impact on Marginalized Communities
摘要
Jakarta is evolving into a global city, which has a significant impact on the peripheral areas of Jakarta, where development is also rapidly progressing in terms of population density and housing infrastructure for the upper-middle class. Such conditions have an impact on the occurrence of gentrification. Gentrification in Indonesia’s urban peripheries, particularly in the Jakarta metropolitan area, presents complex challenges to inclusive development. In South Tangerang, the proliferation of enclave (and) resorts such as BSD City and Bintaro Jaya has marginalized local kampungs, transforming them into isolated pockets amidst exclusive urban landscapes. In Depok, gentrification is driven by studentification, as universities like Universitas Indonesia catalyze rising land values, converting residential areas into high-cost student accommodations. Meanwhile, Bogor experiences extensive urban sprawl through the development of independent cities, exacerbating land speculation and creating stark disparities between planned housing estates and organically growing kampungs. This study explores how gentrification impacts land ownership, housing access, and social cohesion in these suburban areas. It highlights the role of government policies in facilitating exclusive developments, driving up land and housing costs, and displacing marginalized communities. Housing is not merely a physical space but a critical anchor for community identity and resilience. By contextualizing gentrification within these distinct phenomena—enclave resorts, studentification, and independent cities—this study provides a nuanced understanding of how global urbanization trends reshape Jakarta’s periphery, underscoring the urgent need for policies aligned with inclusive development.