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This paper examines the implementation of smart city initiatives in Surabaya, Indonesia, and Taipei, Taiwan, two leading cities in inclusive urban development in Asia. Surabaya, Indonesia’s second-largest city, pioneered smart technology adoption in 2005 (by implementing e-government) and gained recognition for its green, smart, and sustainable initiatives. Similarly, Taipei, a key economic hub, is renowned for its advancements in education, health, and culture. This article connects the smart city concept with the notions of the ‘global city’ and the ‘socially inclusive city’—the central themes of this edited volume—highlighting how foreign investment is attracted not only through technological and infrastructural advancements but also through inclusive opportunities for residents. Surabaya and Taipei cases illustrate how smart city initiatives are motivated by the ambition to position themselves as socially inclusive global cities. This study demonstrates the distinct smart city strategies implemented in both cities, not as a direct comparison, but to derive insights from their unique approaches. By using an ethnographic method, including semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this paper analyzes cases of the Surabaya Smart City 2019 Competition and the Taipei Smart City initiative. As part of Surabaya’s city government project, which promoted inclusive urban solutions through multi-stakeholder collaborations, the Surabaya Smart City Competition aimed to improve kampung (urban village) residents’ well-being by integrating environmental, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions. On the other hand, Taipei’s smart city project emphasized to enhancing the quality of life and sustainability for its residents, especially the senior citizens, through improved healthcare services, enhanced social participation, and increased accessibility. Both cases demonstrate the significance of multi-stakeholder collaboration in achieving inclusive and sustainable urban development. In conclusion, Surabaya and Taipei are good examples to understand how cities adopt and adapt the “smart city” concept contextually. Therefore, this paper contributes to broader discussions of urban inclusive strategies in advancing the goals of socially inclusive, global, and smart cities.

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Toward Inclusive Smart Cities: Insights from Surabaya, Indonesia, and Taipei, Taiwan

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Kurnia Novianti,
  • Choerunisa Noor Syahid

摘要

This paper examines the implementation of smart city initiatives in Surabaya, Indonesia, and Taipei, Taiwan, two leading cities in inclusive urban development in Asia. Surabaya, Indonesia’s second-largest city, pioneered smart technology adoption in 2005 (by implementing e-government) and gained recognition for its green, smart, and sustainable initiatives. Similarly, Taipei, a key economic hub, is renowned for its advancements in education, health, and culture. This article connects the smart city concept with the notions of the ‘global city’ and the ‘socially inclusive city’—the central themes of this edited volume—highlighting how foreign investment is attracted not only through technological and infrastructural advancements but also through inclusive opportunities for residents. Surabaya and Taipei cases illustrate how smart city initiatives are motivated by the ambition to position themselves as socially inclusive global cities. This study demonstrates the distinct smart city strategies implemented in both cities, not as a direct comparison, but to derive insights from their unique approaches. By using an ethnographic method, including semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this paper analyzes cases of the Surabaya Smart City 2019 Competition and the Taipei Smart City initiative. As part of Surabaya’s city government project, which promoted inclusive urban solutions through multi-stakeholder collaborations, the Surabaya Smart City Competition aimed to improve kampung (urban village) residents’ well-being by integrating environmental, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions. On the other hand, Taipei’s smart city project emphasized to enhancing the quality of life and sustainability for its residents, especially the senior citizens, through improved healthcare services, enhanced social participation, and increased accessibility. Both cases demonstrate the significance of multi-stakeholder collaboration in achieving inclusive and sustainable urban development. In conclusion, Surabaya and Taipei are good examples to understand how cities adopt and adapt the “smart city” concept contextually. Therefore, this paper contributes to broader discussions of urban inclusive strategies in advancing the goals of socially inclusive, global, and smart cities.