In the context of ongoing reforms in Vietnam’s higher education system, the institutional autonomy model has emerged as a key strategy to strengthen governance and improve training quality in alignment with international standards. Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU) is among the pioneering institutions that have implemented this model effectively. Within VNU, the University of Economics and Business (UEB), as an active and engaged member institution, has played a significant role in advancing the autonomy agenda across the system. This chapter offers an in-depth analysis of governance practices and the implementation of autonomy at UEB. Through this focused case study, it examines how the university leadership has operationalised the current legal framework to translate the goals of autonomy into tangible improvements in educational quality, consistent with international integration objectives.