As an important representation of the evolution of the rural human-land relationship in the process of urban-rural transformation development, labor migration between rural and urban areas has become the core impetus for agricultural transformation in China’s traditional farming areas. An in-depth analysis of the internal mechanism of the evolution of agricultural production patterns driven by rural-urban migration at different phases helps to find solutions for ensuring the sustainable development of the countryside. This chapter analyzes the relationship between rural-urban migration and the evolution of the rural human-land relationship, then introduces the city power and the rural power in the push–pull theory, and finally establishes an interactive analysis framework for rural-urban migration and agricultural transformation. The results demonstrate that the part-time rural labor and the frequent rural-urban migration in Yucheng City are the normal conditions for the labor to participate in agricultural production, and the low registered population urbanization rate and the return of the elderly labor have become the main features of the rural-urban migration in the new era. Furthermore, the state of rural-urban migration in Yangqiao Village has become the impetus of the farmland use transition and homestead use change at the village level; the arrangement fragmentation of agricultural production and the change in traditional agriculture production modes are the important factors affecting agricultural transformation in Yangqiao Village. In the context of rural vitalization, agricultural transformation in traditional farming areas needs to pay more attention to the future livelihood systems of small peasants. It is important to promote rural transformation to create more employment opportunities based on local conditions and attract rural migrants to return to start businesses in the countryside.