Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have emerged as a promising new technology for converting waste into energy. BESs are effective in curtailing organic contaminants and conserving nutrients. Agricultural waste and treated wastewater (TWW) can be utilised as a feedstock for microbes and as an irrigation source. The WW can also be used as a source for concurrently engendering power. BESs are energy-efficient systems that integrate with traditional approaches and contribute to the generation of value-added products. Agricultural production and subsequent food manufacturing are the primary sources of the global food supply. Still, they generate substantial amounts of organic waste, which hurts the atmosphere and climate. This demands the proper reuse of agro-food waste (AFW) and wastewater (WW). BES is a promising biotechnology that integrates microorganisms (or enzymes) to achieve sustainability in food production by converting polluting waste into biodegradable materials. This chapter presents the benefits and remedial potentials of BES in managing AFW and WW. It also provides a brief overview of BES’s current and potential applications.