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With the rapid increase in electricity consumption, electrical fire accidents have been rising annually, necessitating research on early warning methods for electrical fire risks in low-voltage distribution systems. This paper proposes an early warning method based on the thermal decomposition simulation of insulating materials. It overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches, which rely on historical data or physical experiments, by introducing a numerical simulation using PyroSim. A 3D model of a low-voltage distribution box is created, and the physical properties of four insulating materials used in circuit breakers and cables are defined. The simulation models the thermal decomposition process caused by local overheating. The study identifies that the concentration gradient and diffusion trajectory of gases produced during decomposition can serve as early fire warning indicators, with their rate of change closely tied to the temperature rise rate. This system supports multiple scenario simulations, offering cost-effectiveness while avoiding the risks of physical experiments. It provides an intelligent solution for electrical fire prevention in various environments, ensuring the safe operation of low-voltage systems.

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Electrical Fire Risk Warning of Low-Voltage Distribution Facilities Based on Polymer Thermal Decomposition Simulation

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Runan Song,
  • Zhongqiang Wu,
  • Penghe Zhang,
  • Yining Yang,
  • Baiyin Wang,
  • Xingjiang Bao,
  • Guodong Zheng,
  • Jianing Xu

摘要

With the rapid increase in electricity consumption, electrical fire accidents have been rising annually, necessitating research on early warning methods for electrical fire risks in low-voltage distribution systems. This paper proposes an early warning method based on the thermal decomposition simulation of insulating materials. It overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches, which rely on historical data or physical experiments, by introducing a numerical simulation using PyroSim. A 3D model of a low-voltage distribution box is created, and the physical properties of four insulating materials used in circuit breakers and cables are defined. The simulation models the thermal decomposition process caused by local overheating. The study identifies that the concentration gradient and diffusion trajectory of gases produced during decomposition can serve as early fire warning indicators, with their rate of change closely tied to the temperature rise rate. This system supports multiple scenario simulations, offering cost-effectiveness while avoiding the risks of physical experiments. It provides an intelligent solution for electrical fire prevention in various environments, ensuring the safe operation of low-voltage systems.