Cables, as core components for electrical energy transmission, exhibit temperature rise characteristics that directly impact the safe and stable operation of power systems. Various cable laying methods significantly affect the heat dissipation conditions of cables, thereby exerting a crucial influence on their temperature rise characteristics. This paper investigates the temperature rise characteristics of cables under different laying methods, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of cable laying schemes. Initially, a heat transfer model for cables in duct bank laying was established to analyze its heat dissipation mechanism. Subsequently, based on the finite element method, numerical simulation software was utilized to conduct simulation analyses on the temperature rise characteristics of cables under different laying methods, with a focus on exploring the influence patterns of factors such as the laying environment, soil thermal conductivity, and cable current-carrying capacity on cable temperature rise. The accuracy of the theoretical model and numerical simulation results was verified through experiments. The research results indicate that laying methods have a significant impact on cable temperature rise characteristics. Under the same external conditions, cables laid in a 2 × 4 configuration generally exhibit lower steady-state temperatures for both their cores and outer sheaths, with relatively smaller temperature increases. Compared to a 2 × 2 laying configuration, the time required for the cable core temperature to reach 90 ℃ is markedly longer in a 2 × 4 configuration, demonstrating superior thermal stability. The research findings of this paper can provide scientific guidance for the design and optimization of cable laying projects, which is of great significance for enhancing the safety and economy of cable operations.