Thermoplastic recyclable insulators based on PA6/GF composites have excellent electrical performance and are easy to be recycled, and their popularization can solve the problem of difficult recycling of traditional ceramic and silicone rubber insulation. Internal defects of insulators are an important cause of insulator failures, and thermoplastic recyclable insulators may produce internal defects due to uneven shrinkage and smooth venting in the process of injection molding production, which affects the insulator performance. In this paper, the identification of internal defects of insulators under low-computing environment is investigated by X-ray flaw detection with improved yolov5 model. In addition, this paper realizes a breakthrough in the injection molding processing technology of large-size insulating parts through the improvement of the injection molding process, and successfully suppresses the internal defects of thermoplastic recyclable insulators, which lays a foundation for the mass production of thermoplastic recyclable insulators.