Analysis of Stator Vibration and Noise Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Multi-Physics Field Coupling
摘要
In examining the electromagnetic oscillations and acoustic emissions in propulsion systems of electric vehicles, an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor featuring 8 poles and 48 slots serves as the focal point of this study. Firstly, the Maxwell software was utilized to construct a 2D electromagnetic simulation framework for the motor, enabling the analysis of its operational performance at a rotational speed of 3000 revolutions per minute. Secondly, the finite element method was employed to perform modal analysis on the motor's stator system, yielding the natural frequencies and corresponding modal shapes for each order. Subsequently, the electromagnetic-structure coupling model is utilized to analyze the harmonic response of the motor stator system. Finally, the findings from the harmonic response analysis are fed into the Harmonic Acoustics module, enabling the creation of a comprehensive simulation model that integrates electromagnetic, structural, and acoustic interactions for in-depth motor noise evaluation. Analysis findings indicate that the radial air-gap flux density is the crucial factor generating the motor's radial electromagnetic force. When the frequency aligns precisely with an integer multiple of the motor’s rotational frequency multiplied by the rotor series, the radial electromagnetic force reaches its peak amplitude. This heightened force often triggers substantial vibration acceleration, which, in turn, becomes a primary source of electromagnetic noise. By leveraging the integrated approach of electromagnetic-structure-acoustic field analysis, the vibration and noise properties of a motor stator can be assessed early in the design phase. This methodology offers both a theoretical foundation and practical insights, paving the way for enhanced motor design refinement and accurate noise forecasting in subsequent stages.